From the chi-square test performed in this study, we may conclude that

(a) there is convincing evidence of an association between the gender of an individual participating in the event and development of a rash.

(b) mud wrestling causes a rash, especially for women.

(c) there is absolutely no evidence of any relation between the gender of an individual participating in the event and the subsequent development of a rash.

(d) development of a rash is a real possibility if you participate in mud wrestling, especially if you do so regularly.

(e) the gender of the individual participating in the event and the development of a rash are independent.