Traveling to work How long do people travel each day to get to work? The following table gives the average travel times to work (in minutes) for workers in each state and the District of Columbia who are at least 16 years old and don’t work at home.30 AL 23.6 LA 25.1 OH 22.1 AK 17.7 ME 22.3 OK 20.0 AZ 25.0 MD 30.6 OR 21.8 AR 20.7 MA 26.6 PA 25.0 CA 26.8 MI 23.4 RI 22.3 CO 23.9 MN 22.0 SC 22.9 CT 24.1 MS 24.0 SD 15.9 DE 23.6 MO 22.9 TN 23.5 FL 25.9 MT 17.6 TX 24.6 GA 27.3 NE 17.7 UT 20.8 HI 25.5 NV 24.2 VT 21.2 ID 20.1 NH 24.6 VA 26.9 IL 27.9 NJ 29.1 WA 25.2 IN 22.3 NM 20.9 WV 25.6 IA 18.2 NY 30.9 WI 20.8 KS 18.5 NC 23.4 WY 17.9 KY 22.4 ND 15.5 DC 29.2

(a) Make a histogram of the travel times using classes of width 2 minutes, starting at 14 minutes. That is, the first class is 14 to 16 minutes, the second is 16 to 18 minutes, and so on.

(b) The shape of the distribution is a bit irregular. Is it closer to symmetric or skewed? Describe the center and spread of the distribution. Are there any outliers?

54. Carbon dioxide emissions Burning fuels in power plants and motor vehicles emits carbon dioxide

(CO2), which contributes to global warming. The table below displays CO2 emissions per person from countries with populations of at least 20 million.31

(a) Make a histogram of the data using classes of width 2, starting at 0.

(b) Describe the shape, center, and spread of the distribution.

Which countries are outliers?

Carbon dioxide emissions

(metric tons per person)

Country CO2 Algeria 2.6 Argentina 3.6 Australia 18.4 Bangladesh 0.3 Brazil 1.8 Canada 17.0 China 3.9 Colombia 1.3 Congo 0.2 Egypt 2.0 Ethiopia 0.1 France 6.2 Germany 9.9 Ghana 0.3 India 1.1 Indonesia 1.6 Iran 6.0 Iraq 2.9 Italy 7.8 Japan 9.5 Kenya 0.3 Korea, North 3.3 Korea, South 9.3 Malaysia 5.5 Country CO2 Mexico 3.7 Morocco 1.4 Myanmar 0.2 Nepal 0.1 Nigeria 0.4 Pakistan 0.8 Peru 1.0 Philippines 0.9 Poland 7.8 Romania 4.2 Russia 10.8 Saudi Arabia 13.8 South Africa 7.0 Spain 7.9 Sudan 0.3 Tanzania 0.1 Thailand 3.3 Turkey 3.0 Ukraine 6.3 United Kingdom 8.8 United States 19.6 Uzbekistan 4.2 Venezuela 5.4 Vietnam 1.0