Suppose a university sampled 485 of its students to determine whether males and females differed in preference for five courses offered. The question we would like to answer is to confirm whether or not we have an association between the courses chosen and the person’s gender. In this case we have two attributes, gender and course, both of which have been divided into categories: two for gender and five for course. The resulting table is called a 5*2 contingency table because it consists of 5 rows and 2 columns. To determine whether gender and course preference are associated (or independent) we conduct a chi-square test of association on the contingency table.