According to the Institute for College Access & Success, the average student-loan debt for the most recent class of students from Pennsylvania is $9,000 more than the average for students in California. To test this claim, the following data were collected from random samples. Assume the population variances for the student-loan debt for these two states are equal.

Pennsylvania California Sample mean $29,959 $18,879 Sample size 20 20 Sample standard deviation $8,000 $7,000

a. Using a = 0.05, perform a hypothesis test to investigate the claim of the Institute for College Access & Success.

b. Approximate the p-value using Table 5 in Appendix A and interpret the results.

c. Construct a 95% confidence interval to estimate the average difference in the student-loan debt between these two states. Interpret your result.

d. Determine the precise p-value using Excel and interpret the results.

e. Verify your results using PHStat.

f. What assumptions need to be made in order to perform this procedure?

AppendixLO1