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Questions and Answers of Business Statistics

Guilt in decision making. The effect of guilt emotion on how a decision maker focuses on the problem was investigated in the Jan. 2007 issue of the Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. A total of
Coupon usage study. A hot topic in marketing research is the exploration of a technology-based self-service (TBSS)encounter, in which various technologies (e.g., ATMs, online banking, self-scanning
IQ and mental deficiency. A person is diagnosed with a mental deficiency if, before the age of 18, his/her score on a standard IQ test is no higher than 70 (two standard deviations below the mean of
Gangs and homemade weapons. The National Gang Crime Research Center (NGCRC) has developed a six-level gang classification system for both adults and juveniles. The six categories are shown in the
Defensible landscapes in archaeology. The defensibility of a given landscape in the Northwest United States was studied in the Journal of Anthropological Archaeology (May 2014).Archaeologists
Flight response of geese to helicopter traffic. Offshore oil drilling near an Alaskan estuary has led to increased air traffic—mostly large helicopters—in the area. The U.S.Fish and Wildlife
Multiple sclerosis drug. Interferons are proteins produced naturally by the human body that help fight infections and regulate the immune system. A drug developed from interferons, called Avonex, is
Masculinity and crime. Refer to the Journal of Sociology(July 2003) study on the link between the level of masculinity and criminal behavior in men, presented in Exercise 9.27 (p. 480). The
Purchasing souvenirs. A major tourist activity is shopping.Travel researchers estimate that nearly one-third of total travel expenditures are used on shopping for souvenirs(Journal of Travel
Refer to the Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal (Mar. 2005) study of college students and drinking, Exercise 13.57. A second objective of the researchers was to establish a statistical
The Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal (Mar.2005) published a study of college students and drinking.One of the researchers’ main objectives was to segment college students according to
Sociology fieldwork methods. Refer to the Teaching Sociology (July 2006) study of the fieldwork methods used by qualitative sociologists, presented in Exercise 2.195(p. 136). Recall that fieldwork
Politics and religion. University of Maryland professor Ted R. Gurr examined the political strategies used by ethnic groups worldwide in their fight for minority rights (Political Science &
A random sample of 200 observations was classified into the categories shown in the following table:a. Do the data provide sufficient evidence that the categories are not equally likely? Use a =
A random sample of 250 observations was classified according to the row and column categories shown in the following table:a. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the rows and
Examining the “Monty Hall Dilemma.” In Exercise 3.195(p. 209) you solved the game show problem of whether to switch your choice of three doors, one of which hides a prize, after the host reveals
Efficacy of an HIV vaccine. New, effective AIDS vaccines have been developed through the process of “sieving”—that is, sifting out infections with some strains of HIV. Consider a vaccine
Influencing performance in a serial addition task.Refer to the Advances in Cognitive Psychology (Jan.2013) study of performance in a classic psychological test involving adding a set of numbers,
Package design influences taste. Can the package design of a food product influence how the consumer will rate the taste of the product? A team of experimental psychologists reported on a study that
Healing heart patients with music, imagery, touch, and prayer. “Frontier medicine” is a term used to describe medical therapies (e.g., energy healing, therapeutic prayer, spiritual healing) for
Stereotyping deceptive and authentic news stories. Major newspapers lose their credibility (and subscribers) when they are found to have published deceptive or misleading news stories. In Journalism
Children’s perceptions of their neighborhood. In Health Education Research (Feb. 2005), nutrition scientists at Deakin University (Australia) investigated children’s perceptions of their
Test the null hypothesis of independence of the two classifications A and B of the 3 * 3 contingency table shown here. Use a = .05. B B B B3 A1 A Az Az 482 40 72 42 63 53 31 38 228 70 30
Consider the following 2 * 3 (i.e., r = 2 and c = 3) contingency table.a. Specify the null and alternative hypotheses that should be used in testing the independence of the row and column
Analysis of a Scrabble game. In the board game Scrabble™, a player initially draws a “hand” of seven tiles at random from 100 tiles. Each tile has a letter of the alphabet, and the player
Political representation of religious groups. Do those elected to the U.S. House of Representatives really “represent”their constituents demographically? This was a question of interest in Chance
Interactions in a children’s museum. Refer to the Early Childhood Education Journal (Mar. 2014) study of interactions in a children’s museum, Exercise 2.19 (p. 69). Recall that interactions by
Detecting Alzheimer’s disease at an early age. Geneticists at Australian National University are studying whether the cognitive effects of Alzheimer’s disease can be detected at an early age
A multinomial experiment with k = 3 cells and n = 400 produced the data shown in the accompanying table. Do these data provide sufficient evidence to contradict the null hypothesis that p1 = .50, p2
FLAG study of bid collusion. Road construction contracts in the state of Florida are awarded on the basis of competitive, sealed bids; the contractor who bids the lowest price wins the contract.
IQ and The Bell Curve. In Exercise 5.157 (p. 306), we introduced The Bell Curve (New York: Free Press, 1994) by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray(H&M), a controversial book about race, genes,
Processed straw as thermal insulation. An article published in Engineering Structures and Technologies (Sept.2012) presented the results of a study on the use of processed straw as thermal insulation
Child abuse report. Licensed therapists are mandated by law to report child abuse by their clients. This law requires the therapist to breach confidentiality and possibly lose the client’s trust. A
Entry-level job preferences. Benefits Quarterly periodical publishes a study of entry-level job preferences.A number of independent variables are used to model the job preferences (measured on a
RNA analysis of wheat genes. Engineers from the Department of Crop and Soil Sciences at Washington State University used regression to estimate the number of copies of a gene transcript in an aliquot
Habitats of grizzly bears. Do grizzly bears segregate on the basis of sex? One hypothesis is that female grizzlies avoid male-occupied habitats because of competition for food and cannibalism. A
Rating funny cartoons. Newspaper cartoons, although designed to be funny, often invoke hostility, pain, or aggression in readers, especially when those cartoons depict violence. A study was
Optimizing semiconductor material processing. Fluorocarbon plasmas are used in the production of semiconductor materials. In the Journal of Applied Physics(Dec. 1, 2000), electrical engineers at
Snow geese feeding trial. Refer to the Journal of Applied Ecology (Vol. 32, 1995) study of the feeding habits of baby snow geese, presented in Exercise 11.150(p. 676).Data on gosling weight change,
Growth of Japanese beetles. In the Journal of Insect Behavior (Nov. 2001), biologists at Eastern Illinois University published the results of their study on Japanese beetles. The biologists collected
Factors identifying urban counties. The Professional Geographer (Feb. 2000) published a study of urban and rural counties in the western United States. The researchers used six independent
Global warming and foreign investments. Scientists believe that a major cause of global warming is higher levels of carbon dioxide 1CO22 in the atmosphere.In the Journal of World-Systems Research
Suppose you fit the regression modelto n = 30 data points and wish to test the null hypothesis H0: b4 = b5 = 0.a. State the alternative hypothesis.b. Explain in detail how to compute the F-statistic
Suppose you used MINITAB to fit the model y = b0 + b1 x1 + b2 x2 + e to n = 15 data points and you obtained the printout below.a. What is the least squares prediction equation?b. Find R2 and
Suppose you fit the modela. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that at least one of the parameters b1, b2, b3, and b4 is nonzero?Test, using a = .05.b. Test H0: b1 = 0 against Ha: b1 6 0. Use a
Failure times of silicon wafer microchips. Refer to the National Semiconductor study of manufactured silicon wafer integrated circuit chips, Exercise 12.78(p. 725). Recall that the failure times of
Personality and aggressive behavior. Psychological Bulletin (Vol. 132, 2006) reported on a study linking personality and aggressive behavior. Four of the variables measured in the study were
State casket sales restrictions. Some states permit only licensed firms to sell funeral goods (e.g., caskets, urns)to the consumer, while other states have no restrictions.States with casket sales
Identify the problem(s) in each of the residual plots shown on page 752. Residual plots for Exercise 12.154 a. (y-) b. (y-) 0 x
Consider fitting the multiple regression model E1y2 = b0 + b1 x1 + b2 x2 + b3 x3 + b4 x4 + b5 x5 A matrix of correlations for all pairs of independent variables is given on the right. Do you detect a
Using corn in a duck diet. Corn is high in starch content;consequently, it is considered excellent feed for domestic chickens. Does corn possess the same potential in feeding ducks bred for broiling?
Modeling species abundance. A marine biologist was hired by the EPA to determine whether the hot-water runoff from a particular power plant located near a large gulf is having an adverse effect on
Yield strength of steel alloy. Industrial engineers at the University of Florida used regression modeling as a tool to reduce the time and cost associated with developing new metallic alloys
An analysis of footprints in sand. Fossilized human footprints provide a direct source of information on the gait dynamics of extinct species. To gain insight into this phenomenon, a group of
Accuracy of software effort estimates. Periodically, software engineers must provide estimates of their effort in developing new software. In the Journal of Empirical Software Engineering (Vol. 9,
Predicting thrust force of a metal drill. In Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering (Nov. 2010), a model was developed to predict the thrust force when drilling into a hybrid metal
Study of supervisor-targeted aggression. “Moonlighters”are workers who hold two jobs at the same time. What are the factors that affect the likelihood of a moonlighting worker becoming aggressive
Cooling method for gas turbines. Refer to the Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power (Jan. 2005) study of a high-pressure inlet fogging method for a gas turbine engine, presented in
Agreeableness, gender, and wages. Do agreeable individuals get paid less, on average, than those who are less agreeable on the job? And is this gap greater for males than for females? These questions
Impact of race on football card values. Refer to the Electronic Journal of Sociology (2007) study of the impact of race on the value of professional football players’“rookie” cards, presented
Impact of dropping ping-pong balls. Refer to theAmerican Journal of Physics (Mar. 2014) study of the impact of dropping ping-pong balls, Exercise 11.122(p. 666).Recall that 19 standard ping-pong
Reality TV and cosmetic surgery. Refer to the Body Image:An International Journal of Research (Mar. 2010) study of the impact of reality TV shows on a college student’s decision to undergo cosmetic
Consider the model y = b0 + b1 x1 + b2 x1 2 + b3 x2 + b4 x3 + b5 x1 x2 + b6 x1 x3 + b7 x1 2 x2 + b8 x1 2 x3 + e where x1 is a quantitative variable andThe resulting least squares prediction equation
Consider the model y = b0 + b1 x1 + b2 x2 + b3 x3 + e where x1 is a quantitative variable and x2 and x3 are dummy variables describing a qualitative variable at three levels, using the coding
Permeability of sandstone during weathering. Refer to the Geographical Analysis (Vol. 42, 2010) study of the permeability of sandstone exposed to the weather, Exercise 2.69 (p. 91). Recall that
Failure times of silicon wafer microchips. Researchers at National Semiconductor experimented with tin-lead solder bumps used to manufacture silicon wafer integrated circuit chips (International
Satisfaction with membership in a new religious movement.How satisfied are people who have recently joined a new religious movement? To answer this question, German researchers collected data for a
Shopping on Black Friday. Refer to the International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management (Vol. 39, 2011) study of shopping on Black Friday (the day after Thanksgiving), Exercise 7.22 (p.
Estimating repair and replacement costs of water pipes.Refer to the IHS Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (Sept.2012) study of the repair and replacement of water pipes, Exercise 11.28(p. 628). Recall
Testing tires for wear. Underinflated or overinflated tires can increase tire wear. A new tire was tested for wear at different pressures, with the results shown in the following table.a. Plot the
Assertiveness and leadership. Management professors at Columbia University examined the relationship between assertiveness and leadership (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Feb. 2007).
Childhood obesity study. The eating patterns of families of overweight preschool children were the subject of an article published in the Journal of Education and Human Development (Vol. 3, 2009). A
Commercial refrigeration systems. The role of maintenance in energy savings in commercial refrigeration was the topic of an article in the Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering (Vol. 18,
Consider the following quadratic models:a. Graph each of these quadratic models, side by side, on the same sheet of graph paper.b. What effect does the first-order term (4x) have on the graph of the
MINITAB was used to fit the complete second-order modelto n = 39 data points. (See the printout on p. 722)a. Is there sufficient evidence to indicate that at least one of the parameters b1, b2, b3,
Suppose you fit the second-order modelto n = 30 data points. Your estimate of b2 is b n 2 = .52, and the estimated standard error of the estimate is .18.a. Test H0: b2 = 0 against Ha: b2 0. Use a =
Suppose you fit the quadratic modela. Is there sufficient evidence to indicate that the model contributes information for predicting y? Test using a = .05. Write the hypotheses for the test.b. What
Eye movement and spatial distortion. A study of how eye movement behavior can distort one’s judgment of the location of an object was published in Advances in Cognitive Psychology (Vol. 6, 2010).
Role of retailer interest in shopping behavior. Retail interest is defined by marketers as the level of interest a consumer has in a given retail store. Marketing professors at the University of
Study of high-arctic butterflies. The impact of global warming and subsequent snow melt on the flight season (migration dates) of butterflies inhabiting the High Arctic was investigated in Current
Tipping behavior in restaurants. By law, food servers at restaurants are not entitled to minimum wages because they are tipped by customers. Can food servers increase their tips by complimenting the
MINITAB was used to fit the model y = b0 + b1 x1 + b2 x2 + b3 x1 x2 + e to n = 15 data points. The resulting printout is shown below.a. What is the prediction equation for the response surface?b.
Boiler drum production. In a production facility, an accurate estimate of hours needed to complete a task is crucial to management in making such decisions as hiring the proper number of workers,
Emotional intelligence and team performance. The Engineering Project Organizational Journal (Vol. 3, 2013)published the results of an exploratory study designed to gain a better understanding of how
California rain levels. An article published in Geography(July 1980) used multiple regression to predict annual rainfall levels in California. Data on the average annual precipitation (y), altitude
Cooling method for gas turbines. Refer to the Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power (Jan. 2005) study of a high-pressure inlet fogging method for a gas turbine engine, presented in
Reality TV and cosmetic surgery. Refer to the Body Image:An International Journal of Research (Mar. 2010) study of the impact of reality TV shows on one’s desire to undergo cosmetic surgery,
Highway crash data analysis. Researchers at Montana State University have written a tutorial on an empirical method for analyzing before and after highway crash data (Montana Department of
Bubble behavior in subcooled flow boiling. In industry cooling applications (e.g., cooling of nuclear reactors), a process called subcooled flow boiling is often employed.Subcooled flow boiling is
Reality TV and cosmetic surgery. How much influence do the media, especially reality television programs, have on one’s decision to undergo cosmetic surgery? This was the question of interest to
A rubber additive made from cashew nut shells. Cardanol, an agricultural by-product of cashew nut shells, is a cheap and abundantly available renewable resource. In Industrial& Engineering
Arsenic in groundwater. Environmental Science &Technology (Jan. 2005) reported on a study of the reliability of a commercial kit designed to test for arsenic in groundwater. The field kit was
Novelty of a vacation destination. The relationship between the novelty of a vacation destination and vacationing golfers’demographics was investigated in the Annals of Tourism Research (Apr.
Predicting runs scored in baseball. Consider a multipleregression model for predicting the total number of runs scored by a Major League Baseball (MLB) team during a season. Using data on number of
Predicting elements in aluminum alloys. Aluminum scraps that are recycled into alloys are classified into three categories: softdrink cans, pots and pans, and automobile crank chambers. A study of
Tilting in online poker. In poker, making bad decisions due to negative emotions is known as tilting. A study in the Journal of Gambling Studies (Mar. 2014) investigated the factors that affect the
MINITAB was used to fit the model y = b0 +b1 x1 + b2 x2 + e to n = 20 data points, and the printout on p. 697 was obtained.a. What are the sample estimates of b0, b1, and b2?b. What is the least
Spall damage in bricks. A recent civil suit revolved around a five-building brick apartment complex located in the Bronx, New York, which began to suffer spalling damage(i.e., a separation of some
Long-jump “takeoff error.” The long jump is a trackand-field event in which a competitor attempts to jump a maximum distance into a sandpit after a running start. At the edge of the pit is a
Regression through the origin. Sometimes it is known from theoretical considerations that the straight-line relationship between two variables x and y passes through the origin of the xy-plane.

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