Each of the following statements indicates that the researcher will be using a one-tailed test. Specify the null and alternative for each situation.

a. The national average on a test of aggressiveness is 50. A researcher wishes to determine whether, for individuals who have participated in aggression-reducing exercises, the average is less than 50.

b. The average attendance at Sunday church services in the United States is 180 people per congregation. An investigator wants to determine whether the average attendance in a particular community is greater than 180.

c. The average amount of meat consumed in 2012 was 270.7 pounds per person.A researcher wants to find out if the average meat consumption has decreased in a city where the residents were encouraged to eat more fruits and vegetables.
d. The average number of wedding guests in the United States is 139. Aresearcher wants to find out if the average number of wedding guests in Minneapolis is greater than 139.

e. A study reported in September 2009 by Economist.com found that the average number of friends a Facebook user has is 120. A researcher wants to find out if the average for high school students is greater than 120.