Federal civil trial appeals. Refer to the Journal of the American Law and Economics Association (Vol. 3, 2001) study of appeals of federal civil trials, presented in Exercise 3.170 (p. 205). A breakdown of 678 civil cases that were originally tried in front of a judge and appealed by either the plaintiff or the defendant is reproduced in the table on p. 456. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that the percentage of civil cases appealed LO9 that are actually reversed is less than 25%? Test, using a = .01.

Outcome of Appeal Number of Cases Plaintiff trial win—reversed 71 Plaintiff trial win—affirmed/dismissed 240 Defendant trial win—reversed 68 Defendant trial win—affirmed/dismissed 299 Total 678