Identifying the type of study. Determine whether each of the following studies is observational or designed, and

Question:

Identifying the type of study. Determine whether each of the following studies is observational or designed, and explain your reasoning:

a. An economist obtains the unemployment rate and gross state product for a sample of states over the past 10 years, with the objective of examining the relationship between the unemployment rate and the gross state product by census region.

b. A psychologist tests the effects of three different feedback programs by randomly assigning five rats to each program and recording their response times at specified intervals during the program.

c. A marketer of iPads runs ads in each of four national publications for one quarter and keeps track of the number of sales that are attributable to each publication’s ad.

d. An electric utility engages a consultant to monitor the discharge from its smokestack on a monthly basis over a one-year period in order to relate the level of sulfur dioxide in the discharge to the load on the facility’s generators.

e. Intrastate trucking rates are compared before and after governmental deregulation of prices charged, with the comparison also taking into account distance of haul, goods hauled, and the price of diesel fuel.

f. An agriculture student compares the amount of rainfall in four different states over the past five years.

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Arpan Sarkar

What is your teaching/tutoring experience? I tutored mostly elementary school students privately after school and during the summer. We met in their homes or at the public library. I charged an hourly fee, and I provided any necessary materials. Having taught in special education in two local schools for many years meant that I had contact with a lot of parents of special needs students. I never had to advertise — word of mouth was how most folks knew of me. At one point I did have a website, but didn't utilize it much. I stayed very busy, especially in the summers, and always had a full schedule. I typically met with each student's teacher in order to get an idea of what the focus of my instruction/remediation should be. Becoming familiar with the student's learning style(s) was also very helpful. Often parents would share records and test results with me. After each tutoring session, I documented the student’s progress and gave parents written updates, as well as phone calls or emails as needed. While my students and I certainly utilized technology and the internet often during our sessions, I never tutored online or for any tutoring company, so am not familiar with the curriculums or methods used in those settings. Tutoring one on one was very enjoyable and rewarding. My students and I had fun, and grew quite fond of one another. The extra income was a bonus. I had to retire from tutoring due to a physically handicapping disease, and miss my students very much.

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