Religious symbolism in TV commercials. Gonzaga University professors conducted a study of television commercials and published their results in the Journal of Sociology, Social Work, and Social Welfare (Vol. 2, 2008).

The key research question was: “Do television advertisers use religious symbolism to sell goods and services?” In a sample of 797 TV commercials collected in 1998, only 16 commercials used religious symbolism. Of the sample of 1,499 TV commercials examined in the more recent study, 51 commercials used religious symbolism. Conduct an analysis to determine if the percentage of TV commercials that use religious symbolism has changed since the 1998 study. If you detect a change, estimate the magnitude of the difference and attach a measure of reliability to the estimate.