Stress in cows prior to slaughter. What is the level of stress

(if any) that cows undergo prior to being slaughtered?

To answer this question, researchers designed an experiment involving cows bred in Normandy, France (Applied Animal Behaviour Science, June 2010). The heart rate

(beats per minute) of a cow was measured at four different pre-slaughter phases—(1) first phase of visual contact with pen mates, (2) initial isolation from pen mates for prepping,

(3) restoration of visual contact with pen mates, and

(4) first contact with human prior to slaughter. Data for eight cows (simulated from information provided in the article)

are shown in the next table. The researchers analyzed the data using an analysis of variance for a randomized block design. Their objective was to determine whether the mean heart rate of cows differed in the four pre-slaughter phases.

a. Identify the treatments and blocks for this experimental design.

a. One goal of the study was to compare the mean item scores of the five reviews. Set up the null and alternative hypotheses for this test.

b. Examine the data in the table and explain why a randomized block ANOVA is appropriate to apply.

c. The SAS output for a randomized block ANOVA of the data (with Review as treatments and Item as blocks)
appears above. Interpret the p-values of the tests shown.

d. The SAS printout also reports the results of a Tukey multiple-comparison analysis of the five Review means. Which pairs of means are significantly different?
Do these results agree with your conclusion in part c?

e. The experimentwise error rate used in the analysis in part d is .05. Interpret this value.

Transcribed Image Text:

Phase Cow 1 2 3 12345678 124 98 98