Electrical energy is supplied by a high-voltage power line that has a total resistance of 4.0 Ω. At the input to the line, the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) voltage has a value of 400 kV and the input power is 500 MW.

a. i. Explain what is meant by root-mean-square voltage.

ii. Calculate the minimum voltage that the insulators that support the line must withstand without breakdown.

b. i. Calculate the value of the r.m.s. current in the power line.

ii. Calculate the power loss on the line.

iii. Suggest why it is an advantage to transmit the power at a high voltage.