1.4 For each of the following research scenarios, identify the dependent and independent variables (or indicate if not applicable) as well as the scale of measurement used for each variable. Explain your answers by describing the scale that might have been used to measure each variable.

a. A researcher would like to determine if people living in the United States are more likely to be obese than people living in France.

b. A researcher would like to determine if the cholesterol levels of men who suffered a heart attack are higher than the cholesterol levels of women who suffered a heart attack.

c. A researcher is interested in whether gender is related to political party affiliation.

d. A researcher is interested in the relationship between amount of sleep and grade point average for high school students.