1.7 Determine whether procedures for analyzing categorical data are needed to address each of the following research questions. Indicate what analytic procedure (e.g., ANOVA, regression) you would use for those cases that do not require categorical methods, and provide a rationale for each of your answers.

a. A researcher would like to determine if scores on the verbal section of the SAT can be used to predict whether students are proficient in reading on a state-mandated test administered in 12th grade.

b. A researcher is interested in whether income differs by gender.

c. A researcher is interested in whether level of education can be used to predict income.

d. A researcher is interested in the relationship between political party affiliation and gender.