For the exercise in this topic, base your answers on the potentials listed in Table 6M.1 or Appendix 2B, with the exception of the reduction and oxidation of water at pH = 7:Aqueous solutions of (a) Mn²⁺; (b) Al³⁺; (c) Ni²⁺; (d) Au³⁺ with concentrations of 1.0 mol · L^–1 are electrolyzed at pH = 7. For each solution, determine whether the metal ion or water will be reduced at the cathode.

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2 H₂O (1) + 2 e → H₂(g) + 2OH(aq), O₂(g) + 4 H (aq) + 4 e E = -0.42 V at pH = 7 2 H₂O (1), E = +0.82 V at pH = 7