The electrical and thermal conductivities of the Group 11 and Group 12 elements, along with manganese, were measured (see table). Use the data to answer the following:

(a) The electrical conductivity of a metal is related to the ability of electrons to move freely through the lattice. Can the same be said of the thermal conductivity? Justify your answer by plotting the thermal conductivity against electrical conductivity.

(b) Explain why the electrical and thermal conductivities of Group 11 metals are high while those of Group 12 metals are low.

(c) Explain why the electrical and thermal conductivities of manganese are so low.

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Element Mn Cu Ag Au Zn Cd Hg Electrical conductivity/(MS.m¹), at 273 K 0.694 60.7 63.0 45.2 0.169 1.47 1.06 Thermal conductivity/ (10 8 W K¹m¹), at 300 K 7.82 401 429 317 116 96.8 8.34