The reaction A → B is to be carried out isothermally in a continuous-flow reactor. The entering volumetric flow rate υ0 is 10 dm3/h. F_A = C_Aυ. For a constant volumetric flow rate υ = υ₀, then FA = CAυ0. Also, C_A0 = FA0/υ0 = ([15 mol/h]/[10 dm3/h])0.5 mol/dm³. Calculate both the CSTR and PFR volumes necessary to consume 99% of A (i.e., C_A = 0.01C_A0) when the entering molar flow rate is 5 mol/h, assuming the reaction rate –rA is
a. −rA = k with k=0.05molh⋅dm³
b. −rA = kCA with 0.0001 s⁻¹
c. −rA = kCA2 with k=300dm³mol⋅h
d. Repeat (a), (b), and/or (c) to calculate the time necessary to consume 99.9% of species A in a 1000 dm³ constant-volume batch reactor with C_A0 = 0.5 mol/dm³.