An exponential equation such as 5^x = 9 can be solved for its exact solution using the meaning of logarithm and the change-of-base theorem. Because x is the exponent to which 5 must be raised in order to obtain 9, the exact solution is

For each equation, give the exact solution in three forms similar to the forms above.

7^x = 19

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log 9 log 5' In 9 logs 9, or or In 5