Question: A pipelined processor has the following characteristics: Estimate the average cycles per instruction for this processor. Loads Load stall (load penalty) Branches Probability a branch

A pipelined processor has the following characteristics:

Loads Load stall (load penalty) Branches Probability a branch is taken Branch penalty on taken RAW

Estimate the average cycles per instruction for this processor.

Loads Load stall (load penalty) Branches Probability a branch is taken Branch penalty on taken RAW dependencies RAW penalty 18% 1 cycle 22% 80% 3 cycles 20% of all instructions except branches 1 cycle

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