A key factor in determining the cost of an integrated circuit is volume. Which of the following are reasons why a chip made in high volume should cost less?

1. With high volumes, the manufacturing process can be tuned to a particular design, increasing the yield.

2. It is less work to design a high-volume part than a low-volume part.

3. The masks used to make the chip are expensive, so the cost per chip is lower for higher volumes.

4. Engineering development costs are high and largely independent of volume; thus, the development cost per die is lower with high-volume parts.

5. High-volume parts usually have smaller die sizes than lowvolume parts and therefore have higher yield per wafer.