What is the total execution time of this instruction sequence without forwarding and with full forwarding? What is the speedup achieved by adding full forwarding to a pipeline that had no forwarding?

In this exercise, we examine how data dependences affect execution in the basic 5-stage pipeline described in Section 4.5. Problems in this exercise refer to the following sequence of instructions:

5 stage pipeline described in Section 4.5

The same principles apply to processors where we pipeline instruction execution. MIPS instructions classically take five steps:
1. Fetch instruction from memory.
2. Read registers while decoding the instruction. The regular format of MIPS instructions allows reading and decoding to occur simultaneously.
3. Execute the operation or calculate an address.
4. Access an operand in data memory.
5. Write the result into a register.

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29 b. SW R16,-100 (R6) LW R4,8(R16) ADD R5, R4, R4 OR R1, R2, R3 OR R2, R1, R4 OR R1, R1, R2 Instruction Sequence