Questions and Answers of Database Concepts

Summarize the modes of reports described in this chapter.
Describe the major tasks in report management. Explain the role of report metadata in report management.
Name three tasks of report authoring.
Describe the major tasks in report delivery.
Define data mining.
Explain the difference between unsupervised and supervised data mining.
Name five popular data mining techniques.
What is the probability that someone will buy a tank? Mask Fins Weights Tank Dive Computer 1,000 Transactions 270 280 120 200 130 Mask 150 20 20 20 50 Tank 20 80 40 30 30 Fins 150 40 10 60 20 20
What is the support for buying a tank and fins? What is the support for buying two tanks?
What is the confidence for fins, given that a tank has been purchased?
What is the confidence for a second tank, given that a tank has been purchased?
What was the first nonrelational data store to be developed, and who developed it?
As illustrated in Figure K-5, what is column family database storage and how are such systems organized? How do column family database storage systems compare to RDBMS systems?
What are the problems in interpreting tags such as < h1 >…< / h1 > in HTML?
How does XML differ from HTML?
Explain why XML is extensible.
What is a DTD, and what purpose does it serve?
What is the difference between a well-formed XML document and a type-valid XML document?
What is the purpose of an XML Schema document?
How does an XML Schema document differ from a DTD?
What is a schema-valid document?
How is an XML document validated?
How is an XML Schema document validated?
Explain an advantage of automated schema validation.
Explain the difference between simple and complex elements.
Explain the difference between XML elements and attributes.
What is a general rule for using elements and attributes to represent database data?
In general terms, explain why XML is important for database processing.
What is graph database? What are nodes, properties and edges?
Develop an XML Schema for a document that uses the data in the HSD SEMINAR, SEMINAR_CUSTOMER, and CUSTOMER tables. If you need more information about XML Schema, go to W3C and read tutorials on XML
Why is the relational model important?
What does SQL stand for, and what purpose does it serve?
Summarize the differences between the database systems in Figures 1-23 and 1-26.
Show how the tables you created for question 1.12 solve the three problems of lists identified in this chapter.
Why are the values of surrogate keys normally hidden from users on forms, queries, and reports?
Explain how primary keys and foreign keys are denoted in this book.
Define the term referential integrity constraint and give an example of one.
Explain three possible interpretations of a null value.
Give an example of a null value (other than one from this chapter), and explain each of the three possible interpretations for that value.
Define the terms functional dependency and determinant, using an example not from this book.
Explain the meaning of the following expression:
Define the term primary key in terms of functional dependencies.
If you assume that a relation has no duplicate data, how do you know there is always at least one primary key?
In your own words, describe the nature and purpose of the normalization process.
Using the assumptions you stated in your answer to question 2.32, what are the determinants of this relation? What attribute(s) can be the primary key of this relation?
Examine the data in the Veterinary Office List—Version Two in Figure 1-31 (see page 55), and state assumptions about functional dependencies in that table.
Using the assumptions you stated in your answer to question 2.35, what are the determinants of this relation? What attribute(s) can be the primary key of this relation?
The text states that you can argue that “the only reason for having relations is to store instances of functional dependencies.” Explain, in your own words, what this means.
What is a surrogate key, and under what circumstances would you use one?
Describe four uses of a primary key.
Explain the difference between a primary key and a candidate key.
Give an example of a relation with a unique composite key.
Define the term nonunique key and give an example.
Define the term unique key and give an example.
Under what circumstances can a relation have duplicate rows?
Explain the use of the terms relation, tuple, and attribute.
Explain the use of the terms file, record, and field.
Under what circumstances can an attribute of a relation be of variable length?
Give an example of a table that is not a relation (other than one from this chapter).
Give an example of a relation (other than one from this chapter).
List the characteristics a table must have to be considered a relation.
Define the term entity and give an example of an entity (other than the one from this chapter).
What is a NoSQL database? What are Web 2.0 applications, and why can’t these applications use a relational database?
What is the advantage of hiding complexity from the user of a DBMS? What is the disadvantage?
Explain the differences between a personal database system and an enterprise-class database system.
List the functions of a database application.
Explain the difference between a DBMS and a database.
Define the term referential integrity constraint. Give an example of a referential integrity constraint for the tables you created for question 1.8.
List the specific functions of a DBMS.
What is the purpose of a DBMS?
Define the term application metadata, and give some examples of application metadata.
Describe the use of an index.
Define the term metadata, and give some examples of metadata.
List the components of a database.
Why do you think it is important for a database to be self-describing?
Define the term database.
Name the four components of a database system.
Describe in your own words and illustrate with tables how relationships are represented in a relational database.
Break the list in Figure 1-31 into tables, each with a single theme. Create ID columns as you think necessary.
Another version of the list used by the veterinary office is shown in Figure 1-31. How many themes does this list have? What are they?
Show how the tables you created for question 1.8 solve the problems you described in question 1.5.
Break the list in Figure 1-30 into two tables, each with data for a single theme. Assume that owners have a unique phone number but that pets have no unique column. Create an ID column for pets like
Name the two themes in the list in Figure 1-30.
What is an ID column?
James River Jewelry is a small jewelry shop. While James River Jewelry does sell typical jewelry purchased form jewelry vendors, including such items as rings, necklaces, earrings, and watches, it
Figure 1-30 shows a list that is used by a veterinary office. Describe three modification problems that are likely to occur when using this list.
What is a modification problem? What are the three possible types of modification problems?
Describe the purpose of a database.
What is the purpose of this book?
Garden Glory is a partnership that provides gardening and yard maintenance services to individuals and organizations. Garden Glory is owned by two partners. They employ two office administrators and
San Juan Sailboat Charters (SJSBC) is an agency that leases (charters) sailboats. SJSBC does not own the boats. Instead, SJSBC leases boats on behalf of boat owners who want to earn income from their
Why is the study of database technology important?
Explain how client/server system components interact.
Describe and explain the client/server architectural principles.
How would you define object orientation? What are some of its benefits? How are OO programming languages related to object orientation?
What is client/server computing, and what benefits can be expected from client/server systems?
An attribute is a characteristic or property of an entity. If person is an entity, would the same attributes be used to describe a person in different databases that store medical, student, and
If a database is not maintained or if incorrect data is entered into the database, serious problems can occur. What problems could occur if a student database is not maintained?
What is meant by the sharing of data?
How can you get more information from the same amount of data by using a database approach instead of a non-database approach?

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