Determine the 2018 filing status in each of the following situations:

a.  Michaela and Harrison decide to separate on October 12, 2018. Before filing their 2018 tax return on February 18, 2019, Michaela files for and is granted a formal separation agreement.

b. Simon is single and owns a condominium in Florida. His father lives in the condominium, and Simon receives $1,000 per year from his father as rent. The total expenses of maintaining the condominium are $15,000. His father receives a pension of $25,000 and Social Security benefits of $8,000.

c.  Nick is 32 years old, single, and a successful investment banker. Peter, Nick’s cousin and best friend, has fallen on hard times and lives with Nick. Peter works part-time and earns $3,000 and lives with Nick for the entire year. Nick pays the entire cost of maintaining the household and provides $5,000 toward Peter’s support.

d. Jamal’s wife died in 2016. He maintains a household for his twin daughters who are seniors in high school.

e.  Kathy and Sven are married with two children, ages 14 and 12. In June, Kathy leaves Sven and their children. Sven has not heard from Kathy, but a former coworker of Kathy’s tells Sven that Kathy wanted to move to Ireland.