Employees of a company were measured on the amount of scrap that they produced over a period of time. The number of hours of training that they had was also measured. When these results were plotted on a scatter diagram, they were found to be negatively correlated. This means that:

a. Scrap increased as training hours increased.

b. Scrap decreased as training hours increased.

c. Scrap increased as training hours decreased.

d. Scrap decreased as training hours decreased.

It was decided to set up a process to control the output of a machine that was manufacturing buttons. The following measurements of the diameter of the button were made. Each hour a sample of four buttons was taken. The measurement shown in the table is the measured ten-thousandths of an inch in excess of 1.000 inches. The engineering tolerance on this part is 1.000 .005. The following table of data values was collected:

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Hour Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 12 1 2 12 10 22 225 20 43 17 -12 31 40