Suppose that you run a regression to determine whether gender or race has any significant impact on scores on a test of the economic understanding of children.11 You model the score of the ith student on the test of elementary economics (S_i) as a function of the composite score on the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills of the ith student, a dummy variable equal to 1 if the ith student is female (0 otherwise), the average number of years of education of the parents of the ith student, and a dummy variable equal to 1 if the ith student is nonwhite (0 otherwise). Unfortunately, a rainstorm floods the computer center and makes it impossible to read the part of the computer output that identifies which variable is which. All you know is that the regression results are (standard errors in parentheses):

a. Attempt to identify which result corresponds to which variable. Be specific.

b. Explain the reasoning behind your answer to part a.

c. Assuming that your answer is correct, create and test appropriate hypotheses (at the 5-percent level) and come to conclusions about the effects of gender and race on the test scores of this particular sample.

d. Did you use a one-tailed or two-tailed test in part c? Why?