8. Indicate how each of the following would shift the

(1) marginal-cost curve, (2) average-variable-cost curve,

(3) average-fixed-cost curve, and (4) average-total-cost curve of a manufacturing firm. In each case specify the direction of the shift. LO3

a. A reduction in business property taxes.

b. An increase in the nominal wages of production workers.

c. A decrease in the price of electricity.

d. An increase in insurance rates on plant and equipment.

e. An increase in transportation costs.