A columnist in the New York Times observed that “the entire point of investing in stocks is that you get greater long-term expected returns in exchange for tolerating bigger ups and downs.”

a. Why did the columnist refer to long-term expected returns? Isn’t there a way to determine with certainty what the return will be on money invested in the stock market? Briefly explain. 

b. Would it be a good idea to invest in the stock market money that you will need in two years as a down payment on a car? Briefly explain.