[15] Suppose we are given a coin with an unknown bias: the probability of heads is p and of tails is (1 − p), p some unknown real number 0 Comments. The question asks for an effective construction of a collective of 0s and 1s with limiting frequency 1 2 from a collective of 0s and 1s with unknown limiting frequency p. Source: [J. von Neumann, Various techniques used in connection with random digits, in: Collected Works, Vol.
V, A.H. Traub, ed., Macmillan, 1963; W. Hoeffding and G. Simons, Ann.
Math. Statist., 41(1970), 341–352; T.S. Ferguson, Ann. Math. Statist., 41(1970), 352–362; P. Elias, Ann. Math. Statist., 43(1972), 865–870].