A researcher claims that the mean annual production of cotton is 3.5 million bales per country. A random sample of 44 countries has a mean annual production of 2.1 million bales. Assume the population standard deviation is 4.5 million bales. At α = 0.05, can you reject the claim?

(a) Identify the claim and state H₀ and H_a, 

(b) Find the standardized test statistic z, 

(c) Find the corresponding P-value, 

(d) Decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis, and 

(e) Interpret the decision in the context of the original claim.