10.138 [EX10-138] Immediate-release medications quickly deliver their drug content, with the maximum concentration reached in a short time;

sustained-release medications, on the other hand, take longer to reach maximum concentration. As part of a study, immediate-release codeine (irc)

was compared with sustained-release codeine (src)

using 13 healthy patients. The patients were randomly assigned to one of the two types of codeine and treated for 2.5 days; after a 7-day wash-out period, each patient was given the other type of codeine. Thus, each patient received both types.

The total amount (A) of drug available over the life of the treatment in (ng  mL)/hr follow:

Patient 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Airc 1091.3 1064.5 1281.1 1921.4 1649.9 1423.6 1308.4 Asrc 1308.5 1494.2 1382.2 1978.3 2004.6 * 1211.1 Patient 8 9 10 11 12 13 Airc 1192.1 766.2 978.6 1618.9 582.9 972.1 Asrc 1002.4 866.6 1345.8 979.2 576.3 999.1 Source: http://exploringdata.cqu.edu.au/ws_coedn.htm

a. Explain why this is a paired-difference design.

b. What adjustment is needed since there is no Asrc for patient 6?

Is there is a significant difference in the total amount of drug available over the life of the treatment?

c. Check the test assumptions and describe your findings.

d. Test the claim using   0.05.