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elementary statistics
Questions and Answers of
Elementary Statistics
In a simple random sample of 150 cars undergoing emissions testing, 23 failed the test. Can you conclude that the proportion of cars that fail the test is less than 20%?Use the α = 0.05 level of
A simple random sample of size 15 has mean x̄ = 27.72 and standard deviation s = 8.21. The population is approximately normally distributed. Can you conclude that the population mean differs from
A simple random sample of size 7 has mean x̄ = 32.5 and standard deviation s = 8.27. The population is normally distributed. Can you conclude that the population standard deviation is greater than
A simple random sample of size 65 has mean x̄ = 38.16. The population standard deviation is σ = 5.95. Can you conclude that the mean is less than 40? Use theα = 0.01 level of significance.In
A simple random sample of size 13 has mean x̄ = 7.26 and standard deviation s = 2.45. The population is approximately normally distributed. Can you conclude that the population mean differs from 9?
A simple random sample of size 65 has mean x̄ = 57.3. The population standard deviation is σ = 12.6. Can you conclude that the population mean is less than 60? Use the α = 0.05 level of
A simple random sample of size 16 has mean x̄ = 4.1 and standard deviation s = 6.2. The population is normally distributed. Can you conclude that the population standard deviation is greater than 5?
In a simple random sample of 120 law students, 54 were women. Can you conclude that less than half of law students are women? Use the α = 0.01 level of significance.In Exercises 5–12, state which
A simple random sample of size 23 has mean x̄ = 41.8. The population standard deviation is σ = 3.72. Can you conclude that the population mean differs from 40? Use the α = 0.05 level of
A simple random sample of size 6 has mean x̄ = 5.49 and standard deviation s = 2.37. The population is approximately normally distributed. Can you conclude that the population mean is greater than
In a simple random sample of 95 families, 70 had one or more pets at home. Can you conclude that the proportion of families with one or more pets differs from 0.6? Use the α = 0.01 level of
A simple random sample of size 22 has mean ̄x = 91.7 and standard deviation s = 19.3. The population is normally distributed. Can you conclude that the population standard deviation is greater than
In a survey of 909 U.S. adults with children conducted by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, 309 said that they had saved money for their children’s college education. Can you conclude
The U.S. Census Bureau reported that the mean area of U.S. homes built in 2015 was 2467 square feet. Assume that a simple random sample of 20 homes built in 2017 had a mean area of 2543 square feet,
Following are the weights of 8 boxes of cookies, each of which is labeled as containing 16 ounces.Assume that the population of weights is normally distributed.Can you conclude that the population
The General Social Survey asked 514 people whether they had ever considered a career in science, and 178 said that they had. Can you conclude that more than 30% of people have considered a career in
A random sample of 50 public school teachers in Georgia had a mean annual salary of $48,300.Assume the population standard deviation is σ = $8,000. Can you conclude that the mean salary of public
Speeds for a sample of nine cars were measured by radar along a stretch of highway. The results, in miles per hour, were as follows. Assume that the population of speeds is normally distributed.Can
Mercury is a toxic metal that is used in many industrial applications. Seven measurements, in milligrams per cubic meter, were taken of the mercury concentration in a lake, with the following
A random sample of 100 pairs of ladies’ shoes had a mean size of 8.3. Assume the population standard deviation is σ = 1.5. Can you conclude that the mean size of ladies’ shoes differs from 8?
For testing the hypotheses H0 : μ = 10 versus H1: μ < 10 at the α = 0.05 level, assume the population standard deviation is σ = 3 and the sample size is n = 50.Find the power against the
For testing the hypotheses H0 : μ = 35 versus H1: μ > 35 at the α = 0.01 level, assume the population standard deviation is σ = 10 and the sample size is n = 100.Find the power against the
The greater the power, the less likely we are to make a __________________ error.In Exercises 3–5, fill in each blank with the appropriate word or phrase.
The power is the probability of rejecting H0 when it is __________________ .In Exercises 3–5, fill in each blank with the appropriate word or phrase.
If the sample size is increased, the power will ____________________.In Exercises 3–5, fill in each blank with the appropriate word or phrase.
Once the significance level ???? has been chosen, the only way to increase the power of a test is to decrease the sample size.In Exercises 6–8, determine whether the statement is true or false. If
The power is the probability of making a Type I error.In Exercises 6–8, determine whether the statement is true or false. If the statement is false, rewrite it as a true statement.
For a test about the population mean, the power of a test depends on a specified value that satisfies the alternate hypothesis.In Exercises 6–8, determine whether the statement is true or false. If
A tire company claims that the lifetimes of its tires average 50,000 miles. The standard deviation of tire lifetimes is known to be σ = 5000 miles. You sample 100 tires and will test the hypotheses
Shipments of coffee beans are checked for moisture content. A high moisture content indicates water contamination and will result in the shipment being rejected.Let μ represent the mean water
A college admissions officer will draw a simple random sample of 100 mathematics SAT scores from the entering freshman class. The admissions officer will perform a test of the hypotheses H0: μ = 500
An article in the International Journal of Clinical Practice described a study in which a sample of 314 patients took a combination of the drugs ezetimibe and simvastatin in order to reduce their
Refer to Exercise 11.A test of the hypotheses H0: μ = 50,000 versus H1: μ ≠ 50,000 will be made at theα = 0.05 level of significance. Assume that the standard deviation of tire lifetimes is σ =
Refer to Exercise 12.A test of the hypotheses H0: ???? = 10 versus H1: μ ≠ 10 will be made at the α = 0.05 level of significance. Assume that the standard deviation of moisture content is σ =
Refer to Exercise 13.The admissions officer will perform a test of the hypotheses H0: μ = 500 versus H1: μ ≠ 500 at the α = 0.01 level of significance. Assume that the population standard
Refer to Exercise 14.A test of the hypotheses H0: μ = 1 versus H1: μ ≠ 1 will be made at theα = 0.01 level of significance. Assume that the population standard deviation is σ = 0.2 and that the
A marketing firm samples 150 residents of a certain town to determine the sample proportion ̂p that have seen a new advertisement. A test of the hypotheses H0: p = 0.4 versus H1: p a. Find the
A hypothesis test results in a P-value of 0.008. Which is the best conclusion?i. H0 is definitely false.ii. H0 is definitely true.iii. H0 is plausible.iv. H0 might be true, but it’s very
True or false: If P = 0.03, thena. The result is statistically significant at the α = 0.05 level.b. The result is statistically significant at the α = 0.01 level.c. The null hypothesis is rejected
A null hypothesis is rejected at the α = 0.05 level. True or false:a. The P-value is greater than 0.05.b. The P-value is less than or equal to 0.05.c. The result is statistically significant at the
A sample of size 8 is drawn from a normal population with mean μ, and the population standard deviation is unknown.a. Is it appropriate to perform a z-test? Explain.b. Is it appropriate to perform a
A test will be made of H0: μ = 4 versus H1: μ > 4, using a sample of size 25.The population standard deviation is unknown. Find the critical value of the test statistic if the significance level is
True or false: We never conclude that H0 is true.
In a random sample of 500 people who took their driver’s test, 445 passed. Let p be the population proportion who pass. A test will be made of H0: p = 0.85 versus H1: p > 0.85.a. Compute the value
For testing H0: μ = 3 versus H1: μ < 3, a P-value of 0.024 is obtained.a. If the significance level is α = 0.05, would you conclude that μ < 3? Explain.b. If the significance level is α = 0.01,
True or false: When we reject H0, we are certain that H1 is true.
The result of a hypothesis test is reported as follows: ‘‘We reject H0 at the α = 0.05 level.’’ What additional information should be included?
In a test of H0: μ = 5 versus H1: μ > 5, the value of the test statistic is t = 2.96. There are 17 degrees of freedom. Do you reject H0 at the α = 0.05 level?
True or false: We can perform a test for a standard deviation only when the population is almost exactly normal.
A random sample of size 20 from a normal population has sample standard deviation s = 10.Test H0: σ = 15 versus H1: σ < 15.Use the α = 0.05 level.
A test of H0: μ = 50 versus H1: μ > 50 will be made at a significance level of α = 0.05. The population standard deviation is σ = 10 and the sample size is n = 60.Find the power of the test
Find the P-value for the following values of the test statistic t, sample size n, and alternate hypothesis H1. If you use Table A.3, you may specify that P is between two values.a. t = 2.584, n = 12,
In Example 9.16, the sample size was n = 76, and we observed x̄ = 2.2 and s = 6.1.We tested H0 : μ = 0 versus H1: μ > 0, and the P-value was 0.0012. Assume that the sample size was 41 instead
In Example 9.17, the alternate hypothesis was H1: μ ≠ 3.5 and the P-value for the two-tailed test was P = 0.0256. What would the P-value be for the alternate hypothesis H1: μ Example 9.17
The following TI-84 Plus display presents the results of a t-test.a. What are the null and alternate hypotheses?b. What is the sample size?c. How many degrees of freedom are there?d. What is the
Refer to the display in Exercise 4.If the sample mean were 6.80 instead of 6.68, what would the P-value be? If you use Table A.3, you may specify that P is between two values.Exercise 4The following
Find the critical value or values for the following values of the significance level α, sample size n, and alternate hypothesis H1.a. α = 0.05, n = 3, H1: μ > μ0b. α = 0.01, n = 26, H1: μ ≠
To perform a t-test when the sample size is small, the sample must show no evidence of strong ________________ and must contain no __________________ .In Exercises 7 and 8, fill in each blank with
The number of degrees of freedom for the Student’s t-test of a population mean is always 1 less than the ____________________ .In Exercises 7 and 8, fill in each blank with the appropriate word or
A t-test is used when the population standard deviation is unknown.In Exercises 9 and 10, determine whether the statement is true or false. If the statement is false, rewrite it as a true statement.
A t-test is used when the number of degrees of freedom is unknown.In Exercises 9 and 10, determine whether the statement is true or false. If the statement is false, rewrite it as a true statement.
Find the P-value for the following values of the test statistic t, sample size n, and alternate hypothesis H1. If you use Table A.3, you may specify that P is between two values.a. t = 2.336, n = 5,
Find the P-value for the following values of the test statistic t, sample size n, and alternate hypothesis H1. If you use Table A.3, you may specify that P is between two values.a. t = −1.584, n =
Find the critical value or values for the following values of the significance level α, sample size n, and alternate hypothesis H1.a. α = 0.05, n = 27, H1: μ ≠ μ0b. α = 0.01, n = 61, H1: μ >
Find the critical value or values for the following values of the significance level α, sample size n, and alternate hypothesis H1.a. α = 0.05, n = 39, H1: μ > μ0b. α = 0.01, n = 34, H1: μ <
The market research firm Salary.com reported that the mean annual earnings of all family practitioners in the United States was $178,258. A random sample of 55 family practitioners in Los Angeles
The mean annual tuition and fees for a sample of 14 private colleges in California was $37,900 with a standard deviation of $7,200. A dotplot shows that it is reasonable to assume that the population
The National Health Statistics Reports described a study in which a sample of 360 one-year-old baby boys were weighed. Their mean weight was 25.5 pounds with standard deviation 5.3 pounds. A
The Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO)credit score is used by banks and other lenders to determine whether someone is a good credit risk. Scores range from 300 to 850, with a score of 720 or more
The American Community Survey sampled 1923 people in Colorado and asked them how long it took them to commute to work each day. The sample mean one-way commute time was 24.5 minutes with a standard
The General Social Survey asked a sample of 1298 people how much time they spent watching TV each day.The mean number of hours was 3.09 with a standard deviation of 2.87. A sociologist claims that
In a study to determine whether counseling could help people lose weight, a sample of people experienced a group-based behavioral intervention, which involved weekly meetings with a trained
A machine that fills beverage cans is supposed to put 12 ounces of beverage in each can.Following are the amounts measured in a simple random sample of eight cans.a. Following is a dotplot for these
Following are outstanding credit card balances for a sample of 16 college seniors at a large university.a. Following is a dotplot for these data. Is it reasonable to assume that the conditions for
A psychologist is designing an experiment in which rats will navigate a maze. Ten rats run the maze, and the time it takes for each to complete the maze is recorded. The results are as follows.a.
Following are prices, in dollars, of a random sample of ten 7.5-cubic-foot refrigerators.a. Following is a dotplot for these data. Is it reasonable to assume that the conditions for performing a
In an attempt to increase business on Monday nights, a restaurant offers a free dessert with every dinner order. Before the offer, the mean number of dinner customers on Monday was 150.Following are
When testing a new drug, scientists measure the amount of the active ingredient that is absorbed by the body.In a study done at the Colorado School of Mines, a new antifungal medication that was
An antifungal medication was applied to the skin of eight adult subjects. One hour later, the amount of active ingredient that had been absorbed into the skin was measured for each subject. The
A sample of adults was asked how many hours per day they spend on social media. The following display from a TI-84 Plus calculator presents the results of a hypothesis test regarding the mean number
A sample of adults was asked how many hours per week they spend on watching television.The following display from a TI-84 Plus calculator presents the results of a hypothesis test regarding the mean
A veterinarian recorded the weights, in grams, for a sample of hamsters. The following MINITAB output presents the results of a hypothesis test regarding the mean weight of hamsters.a. State the null
A sample of adults was asked how many miles per day they commute to work. The following MINITAB output presents the results of a hypothesis test regarding the mean number of miles commuted to work.a.
In a study of the effectiveness of a certain diet, 100 subjects went on the diet for a period of six months.The sample mean weight loss was 0.5 pound, with a sample standard deviation of 4 pounds.a.
The study described in Exercise 33 is repeated with a larger sample of 1000 subjects.Assume that the sample mean is once again 0.5 pound and the sample standard deviation is once again 4 pounds.a.
A sociologist wants to test the null hypothesis that the mean number of people per household in a given city is equal to 3.He surveys 50 households on a certain block in the city and finds that the
A health professional wants to test the null hypothesis that the mean length of hospital stay for a certain surgical procedure is 4 days. She obtains records for all the patients who have undergone
In a study of sleeping habits, a researcher wants to test the null hypothesis that adults in a certain community get a mean of 8 hours of sleep versus the alternative that the mean is not equal to
Juan and Mary want to test the null hypothesis that the mean length of text messages sent by students at their school is 10 characters versus the alternative that it is less. Juan samples 100 text
A real estate agent believes that the mean size of houses in a certain city is greater than 1500 square feet.He samples 100 houses, and performs a test of H0: μ = 1500 versus H1: μ > 1500. He
The manufacturer of a medication designed to lower blood pressure claims that the mean systolic blood pressure for people taking their medication is less than 135.To test this claim, blood pressure
When the sample size is large, some people treat the sample standard deviation s as if it were the population standard deviation σ, and use the standard normal distribution rather than the
The Pew Research Center reported that only 15% of 18- to 24-year-olds read a daily newspaper. The publisher of a local newspaper wants to know whether the percentage of newspaper readers among
The following output from MINITAB presents the results of a hypothesis test.a. What are the null and alternate hypotheses?b. What is the sample size?c. What is the value of ̂p?d. What is the value
The following display from a TI-84 Plus calculator presents the results of a hypothesis test.a. What are the null and alternate hypotheses?b. What is the sample size?c. What is the value of ̂p?d.
A Gallup poll sampled 1000 adults in the United States. Of these people, 770 said they enjoyed situations in which they competed with other people. Can you conclude that less than 80% of U.S. adults
To test H0: p = p0 with the methods in this section, the values np0 and n(1 − p0) must both be at least _______________ .In Exercises 5 and 6, fill in each blank with the appropriate word or phrase.
To test H0: p = p0 with the methods in this section, the population size must be at least ______________ times as large as the sample size.In Exercises 5 and 6, fill in each blank with the
When testing a hypothesis for a proportion, we assume that the items in the population are divided into two categories.In Exercises 7 and 8, determine whether the statement is true or false. If the
When testing a hypothesis for a proportion, the alternate hypothesis is always two-tailed.In Exercises 7 and 8, determine whether the statement is true or false. If the statement is false, rewrite it
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