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elementary statistics

Questions and Answers of Elementary Statistics

11. What does the value of the slope, b1, represent?Explain.
12. What does the value of the y-intercept, b0, represent?Explain.
Write a meaningful paragraph comparing and/or contrasting the results from your ANOVA test and the test for the appropriateness of a linear model. What conclusions can you reach based on the results
1. Shade the regions that represent each of the following sets on a Venn diagram as shown in Figure 3.5. a. A b. B c. ANB d. AUB e. AUB f. AUB
On a diagram showing three sets, P, Q, and R, shade the regions that represent the following sets. a. P d. P b. POQ C. PUR e. PQR f. PUQ g. PUQUR h. PUQUR
Evaluate each of the following factorials. 4!
Evaluate each of the following factorials. 6!
Evaluate each of the following factorials. 8!
Evaluate each of the following factorials. (6!)(8!)
Evaluate each of the following factorials. 8! 6!
Evaluate each of the following factorials. 8! 4!4!
Evaluate each of the following factorials. 8! 6!2!
Evaluate each of the following factorials. [is] N 8!
11.18 You are interpreting the results of an opinion poll on the role of recycling in your town. A random sample of 400 people was asked to respond strongly in favor, slightly in favor, neutral,
11.17 Student A says that tests for independence and homogeneity are the same, and student B says that they are not at all alike because they are tests of different concepts.Both students are
11.16 Explain the distinction between a test for independence and a test for homogeneity.
11.15 Explain how a multinomial experiment and a binomial experiment are similar and also how they are different.
11.14 To study the effect of the type of soil on the amount of growth attained by a new hybrid plant, saplings were planted in three different types of soil and their subsequent amounts of growth
11.13 Three hundred consumers were asked to identify which one of three different items they found to be the most appealing. The table shows the number that preferred each item.Item 1 2 3 Number 85
11.12 Find each value:a. 2(12, 0.975)b. 2(17, 0.005)
11.11 State the null and alternative hypotheses that would be used to test each of these claims:a. The single-digit numerals generated by a certain random-number generator were not equally likely.b.
11.10 The null hypothesis being tested by a test of homogeneity is that the distribution of proportions is the same for each of the subpopulations. True or False
11.9 The data used in a chi-square multinomial test are always enumerative. True or False
11.8 The test statistic has a distribution that is approximately normal. True or False
11.7 The charts for both the multinomial experiment and the contingency table must be set in such a way that each piece of data will fall into exactly one of the categories. True or False
11.6 A multinomial experiment arranges the data in a two-way classification such that the totals in one direction are predetermined. True or False
11.5 A multinomial experiment consists of n identical independent trials. True or False
11.4 In a multinomial experiment we have(r 1)(c 1) degrees of freedom (r is the number of rows, and c is the number of columns). True or False
11.3 The observed frequency of a cell should not be allowed to be smaller than 5 when a chi-square test is being conducted. True or False
11.2 The expected frequency in a chi-square test is found by multiplying the hypothesized probability of a cell by the total number of observations in the sample. True or False
11.1 The number of degrees of freedom for a test of a multinomial experiment is equal to the number of cells in the experimental data. True or False
11.70 Design your own study for “favorite way people cool their mouth after eating something hot.”a. Define a specific population that you will sample, describe your sampling plan, and collect a
11.69 [EX11-01]a. Does the sample show a distribution that is significantly different from the distribution shown in the “Putting out the fire”graph (p. 619)? Use 0.05.b. Write a paragraph
11.68 Consider the following set of data.Response Yes No Total Group 1 75 25 100 Group 2 70 30 100 Total 145 55 200a. Compute the value of the test statistic z that would be used to test the null
11.67 If you were to roll a die 600 times, how different from 100 could the observed frequencies for each face be before the results would become significantly different from equally likely at the
11.66 [EX11-66] Last year’s work record for absenteeism in each of four categories for 100 randomly selected employees is compiled in the following table. Do these data provide sufficient evidence
11.55 A random sample of 120 Americans living in the Midwest was asked, “How do you obtain your favorite comfort food?”Comfort Food Buy it Make it Ask someone to make it Don’t know Midwest 54
11.53 [EX11-53] The weights (x) of 300 adult males were determined and used to test the hypothesis that the weights were normally distributed with a mean of 160 lb and a standard deviation of 15 lb.
11.52 [EX11-52] The 2003 U.S. census found that babies entered the world during the various months in the proportions that follow.Month P(Month) Month P(Month) Month P(Month)January 0.082 May 0.084
11.51 [EX11-51] Most golfers are probably happy to play 18 holes of golf whenever they get a chance to play. Ben Winter, a club professional, played 306 holes in 1 day at a charity golf marathon in
11.50 [EX11-50] How often do you review your pay stub to check that the correct taxes are being withheld? USA Today reported that American adults check as follows:Always 53%Most of the time
11.49 [EX11-49] As reported in USA Today, about 8.9 million families sent students to college this year and more than half live away from home.Where students live:Parents’ or guardian’s home
11.48 A sample of 200 individuals are tested for their blood type, and the results are used to test the hypothesized distribution of blood types:Blood Type A B O AB Percent 0.41 0.09 0.46 0.04 The
11.46 The psychology department at a certain college claims that the grades in its introductory course are distributed as follows: 10% As, 20% Bs, 40% Cs, 20% Ds, and 10% Fs. In a poll of 200
Applied Example 11.7 (p. 642) reports percentages describing people’s preferences with regard to how potatoes are prepared. Do you believe there is a significant difference between the four regions
Forty-one small lots of experimental product were manufactured and tested for the occurrence of a particular indication that is attributed in nature yet causes rejection of the part. Ten lots were
[EX11-43] All new drugs must go through a drug study before being approved by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A drug study typically includes clinical trials whereby participants are
11.42 On May 21, 2004, the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, reported the results of the Youth Risk Behavior
11.41 Fear of darkness is a common emotion. The following data were obtained by asking 200 individuals in each age group whether they had serious fears of darkness. At 0.01, do we have sufficient
11.40 Students use many kinds of criteria when selecting courses. “Teacher who is a very easy grader” is often one criterion. Three teachers are scheduled to teach statistics next semester. A
11.39 Blogging is a hot topic nowadays. A “blog”is an Internet log. Blogs are created for personal or professional use. According to the Xtreme Recruiting website
11.38 Referring to Applied Example 11.7 (p. 642):a. Express the percentage of Americans who“prefer baked” to “other” by region as a 2 4 contingency table.b. Explain why the following question
11.37 The manager of an assembly process wants to determine whether or not the number of defective articles manufactured depends on the day of the week the articles are produced. She collected the
11.36 [EX11-36] The following table is from the publication of Vital and Health Statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics. The individuals
11.35 A survey of employees at an insurance firm was concerned with worker–supervisor relationships.One statement for evaluation was, “I am not sure what my supervisor expects.” The results of
11.34 A survey of randomly selected travelers who visited the service station restrooms of a large U.S. petroleum distributor showed the following results:Quality of Restroom Facilities Gender of
11.33 A random sample of 500 married men was taken; each person was cross-classified as to the size community that he was presently residing in and the size community that he was reared in. The
11.32 Results on seat belt usage from the 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey were published in a USA Snapshot on January 13, 2005. The following table outlines the results from the high school students
11.31 MINITAB was used to complete a chi-square test of independence between the number of boatrelated manatee deaths and two Florida counties.County Boat-Related Deaths Non–Boat-Related Deaths
Why is the chi-square test typically a onetail test with the critical region in the right tail?a. What kind of value would result if the observed frequencies and the expected frequencies were very
[EX11-25] According to The Harris Poll, the proportion of all adults who live in households with rifles (29%), shotguns (29%), or pistols(23%) has not changed significantly since 1996.However, today
11.24 To demonstrate/explore the effect increased sample size has on the calculated chi-square value, let’s consider the Skittles candies in Exercise 11.23 and sample some larger bags of the
11.21 [EX11-21] “Climbing out of debt, step by step,” an article in the April 29, 2005, USA Today, reported results of a survey of 260 members of the Financial Planning Association. Financial
11.20 [EX11-20] A program for generating random numbers on a computer is to be tested. The program is instructed to generate 100 single-digit integers between 0 and 9. The frequencies of the observed
11.19 [EX11-19] Nursing Magazine reported results of a survey of more than 1800 nurses across the country concerning job satisfaction and retention.Nurses from magnet hospitals (hospitals that
[EX11-18] One of the major benefits of email is that it makes it possible to communicate rapidly without getting a busy signal or no answer, two major criticisms of telephone calls. But does email
A large supermarket carries four qualities of ground beef. Customers are believed to purchase these four varieties with probabilities of 0.10, 0.30, 0.35, and 0.25, respectively, from the least to
11.15 A certain type of flower seed will produce magenta, chartreuse, and ochre flowers in the ratio 631 (one flower per seed). A total of 100 seeds are planted and all germinate, yielding the
11.14 A manufacturer of floor polish conducted a consumer-preference experiment to determine which of five different floor polishes was the most appealing in appearance. A sample of 100 consumers
11.13 Explain how 312.75, 2.25, and 0.0162 were obtained in the first row of Table 11.4 on page 628.
11.12 Explain how 9331 becomes 9/16, 3/16, 3/16, and 1/16 in Example 11.2 on page 627.
11.11 Determine the critical value and critical region that would be used in the classical approach to test the null hypothesis for each of the following multinomial experiments.a. Ho : P(1) P(2)
11.10 Determine the p-value for the following hypotheses tests involving the 2-distribution.a. Ho : P(1) P(2) P(3) P(4) 0.25, with 2 12.25b. Ho : P(I) 0.25, P(II) 0.40, P(III) 0.35,
11.9 State the null hypothesis, Ho, and the alternative hypothesis, Ha, that would be used to test the following statements:a. The five numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are equally likely to be drawn.b. The
11.8 Why is the information shown in Applied Example 11.4 (above) not that of a multinomial experiment?Be specific.
11.7 Verify that Applied Example 11.3 (p. 628) is a multinomial experiment. Be specific.a. What is one trial?b. What is the variable?c. What are the possible levels of results from each trial?
11.5 Using the notation seen in Exercise 11.4, name and find the critical values of 2.
11.4 Find these critical values by using Table 8 of Appendix B.a. 2(18, 0.01)b. 2(16, 0.025)c. 2(40, 0.10)d. 2(45, 0.01)
11.2 [EX11-01] Referring to the sample of 200 adults collected in Section 11.1, how similar is the distribution in the sample to the distribution of percentages in the graphic?a. Construct a
11.1 [EX11-01] Referring to the sample of 200 adults collected in Section 11.1:a. What information was collected from each adult in the sample?b. Define the population and the variable involved in
10.22 You wish to estimate and compare the proportion of Catholic families whose children attend a private school to the proportion of non-Catholic families whose children attend private schools. How
10.21 Truancy is very disruptive to the educational system. A group of high school teachers and counselors have developed a group counseling program that they hope will help improve the truancy
10.20 Suppose you are testing Ho: d 0 versus Ha: d 0 and the sample paired differences are all negative. Does this mean there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis? How can it
10.19 Student A says, “I don’t see what all the fuss is about the difference between independent and dependent means; the results are almost the same regardless of the method used.” Professor C
10.18 Let’s assume that 400 students in our college are taking elementary statistics this semester. Describe how you could obtain two dependent samples of size 20 from these students to test some
10.17 To compare the accuracy of two shortrange missiles, 8 of the first kind and 10 of the second kind are fired at a target. Let x be the distance by which the missile missed the target. Do these
10.16 In a nationwide sample of 600 school-age boys and 500 school-age girls, 288 boys and 175 girls admitted to having committed a destruction-of-property offense. Use these sample data to construct
10.15 [PT10-15] The weights of eight people before they stopped smoking and 5 weeks after they stopped smoking are as follows:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Before 148 176 153 116 129 128 120 132 After 154 179 151
10.13 Find each of the following:a. z(0.02)b. t (15, 0.025)c. F(24,12, 0.05)d. F(12, 24, 0.05)e. z(0.04)f. t(38, 0.05) g. t(23, 0.99) h. z(0.90)
10.11 State the null (Ho) and the alternative (Ha)hypotheses that would be used to test each of these claims:a. There is no significant difference in the mean batting averages for the baseball
10.10 A pooled estimate for any statistic in a problem dealing with two populations is a value arrived at by combining the two separate sample statistics so as to achieve the best possible point
10.9 In a confidence interval for the mean difference in paired data, the interval increases in width when the sample size is increased. True/False
10.8 The number of degrees of freedom for the critical value of t is equal to the smaller of n1 1 or n2 1 when inferences are made about the difference between two independent means in the case
10.7 The F-distribution is a symmetrical distribution. True/False
10.6 The standard normal score is used for all inferences concerning population proportions. True/False
10.5 In comparing two independent means when the ’s are unknown, we need to use the standard normal distribution. True/False
10.4 The z-distribution is used when two dependent means are to be compared. True/False
10.3 The chi-square distribution is used for making inferences about the ratio of the variances of two populations. True/False
10.2 The use of paired data (dependent means) often allows for the control of unmeasurable or confounding variables because each pair is subjected to these confounding effects equally. True/False
10.1 When the means of two unrelated samples are used to compare two populations, we are dealing with two dependent means. True/False

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