11.55 A random sample of 120 Americans living in the Midwest was asked, “How do you obtain your favorite comfort food?”

Comfort Food Buy it Make it Ask someone to make it Don’t know Midwest 54 48 17 1 Using the percentages given in the graphic (p. 649)

as the national “standard,” does the evidence indicate that the Midwest responses are different than those of the nation as a whole? Use   0.05.

a. Solve using the p-value approach.

b. Solve using the classical approach.

c. Explain the similarities and differences found in Exercises 11.54 and 11.55.

11.56 A random sample of 120 Americans living along the West Coast was asked, “How do you obtain your favorite comfort food?”

Comfort Food Buy it Make it Ask someone to make it Don’t know West Coast 73 26 18 3 Using the percentages given in the graphic (p. 649)

as the national “standard,” does the evidence indicate that the West Coast responses are different than those of the nation as a whole? Use   0.05.

a. Solve using the p-value approach.

b. Solve using the classical approach.

c. Explain the similarities and differences found in Exercises 11.54, 11.55, and 11.56.

11.57 [EX11-57] The following table gives the color counts for a sample of 30 bags (47.9 gram size) of M&M’s.

Case Red Gr Blue Or Yel Br 1 15 9 3 3 9 19 2 9 17 19 3 3 8

••• Remainder of data on Student’s Suite CD-ROM Source: http://www.math.uah.edu/stat/, Christine Nickel and Jason York, ST 687 project, Fall 1998 Before the Global Color Vote (GCV) of 2002, the target percentage for each color in the six-color mix was as follows: brown, 30%; red and yellow, 20%; blue, green, and orange, 10%.

a. Does case 1 show that bag 1 has a significantly different distribution of colors than the target distribution? Use   0.05.

b. Combine cases 1 and 2. Does the total of bags 1 and 2 show a significantly different distribution of colors than the target distribution?

c. Combine the results of all 30 cases. Does the total of all 30 bags show a significantly different distribution of colors than the target distribution?

d. Discuss the findings of parts a–c.

11.58 The January 5, 2005, USA Today article

“Hip-hop rules radio” gave the following results from Nielsen BDS and Arbitron on the top 100 hits of 2003 and 2004.

R&B/Hip-Hop Pop Rock Country Total 2003 53 25 8 14 100 2004 61 16 12 11 100 Does this sample information show that the distribution of radio’s top 100 hits changed from 2003 to 2004? Use   0.05.

11.59 [EX11-59] Based on data from the U.S.

Census Bureau, the National Association of Home Builders forecasts a rise in homeownership rates for this decade. Part of the forecast is to predict new housing starts by region. The following table shows what they are forecasting.

Average Housing Starts Region 1996–2000 2001–2005 2006–2010 Northeast 145 161 170 South 710 687 688 Midwest 331 314 313 West 382 385 373 Do the data present sufficient evidence to reject the hypothesis that the distribution of housing starts across the regions is the same for all years?

a. Solve using the p-value approach.

b. Solve using the classical approach.

11.60 [EX11-60] The following table shows the number of reported crimes committed last year in the inner part of a large city. The crimes were classified according to the type of crime and district of the inner city where it occurred. Do these data show sufficient evidence to reject the hypothesis that the type of crime and the district in which it occurred are independent? Use   0.01.

Crime District Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Stolen Vehicle 1 54 331 227 1090 41 2 42 274 220 488 71 3 50 306 206 422 83 4 48 184 148 480 42 5 31 102 94 596 56 6 10 53 92 236 45

a. Solve using the p-value approach.

b. Solve using the classical approach.

11.61 [EX11-61] Based on the results of a survey questionnaire, 400 individuals were classified as either politically conservative, moderate, or liberal.

In addition, each person was classified by age, as shown in the following table.

Age Group 20–35 36–50 Older Than 50 Totals Conservative 20 40 20 80 Moderate 80 85 45 210 Liberal 40 25 45 110 Totals 140 150 110 400 Is there sufficient evidence to reject the hypothesis that “political preference is independent of age”?

Use   0.01.

a. Solve using the p-value approach.

b. Solve using the classical approach.

11.62 [EX11-62] “Cramped quarters” is a common complaint by airline travelers. A random sample of 150 business travelers and 150 leisure travelers were asked where they would “most like more space.” The resulting answers are summarized as follows.

Place Business Leisure Overhead space on plane 15 9 Hotel room 29 49 Leg room on plane 91 66 Rental car size 10 20 Other 5 6 Does this sample information present sufficient evidence to conclude that the business traveler and the leisure traveler differ in where they would most like additional space? Use   0.05.

a. Solve using the p-value approach.

b. Solve using the classical approach.

11.63 Four brands of popcorn were tested for popping.

One hundred kernels of each brand were popped, and the number of kernels not popped was recorded in each test (see the following table).

Can we reject the null hypothesis that all four brands pop equally? Test at   0.05.

Brand A B C D No. Not Popped 14 8 11 15

a. Solve using the p-value approach.

b. Solve using the classical approach.

11.64 [EX11-64] An average of two players per boys’ or girls’ high school basketball team is injured during a season. The following table shows the distribution of injuries for a random sample of 1000 girls and 1000 boys taken from the season records of all reported injuries.

Injury Girls Boys Ankle/foot 360 383 Hip/thigh/leg 166 147 Knee 130 103 Forearm/wrist/hand 112 115 Face/scalp 88 122 All others 144 130 Does this sample information present sufficient evidence to conclude that the distribution of injuries is different for girls than for boys? Use   0.05.

a. Solve using the p-value approach.

b. Solve using the classical approach.

11.65 [EX11-65] “Have you designated on your driving license that you are an organ donor?” We have all heard this question, and the word must be getting out according to the March 30, 2005, article

“Organ Transplants Reach New High of Almost 27,000 in 2004.” The exact results for types of organ donations are as follows.

From a Deceased Donor From a Living Donor 2003 18,650 6,812 2004 20,018 6,966 Source: http://www.seniorjournal.com/NEWS/Features/5-03-30DonateLife.htm

a. What percent of organ donors were deceased for each year? Do you view these percentages as significantly different? Explain.

b. At the 0.05 level of significance, did the rates of deceased donor to living donor change significantly between 2003 and 2004?

c. Compare the decision reached in part b to your answer in part

a. Describe any differences and explain what caused them.