11.41 Fear of darkness is a common emotion. The following data were obtained by asking 200 individuals in each age group whether they had serious fears of darkness. At   0.01, do we have sufficient evidence to reject the hypothesis that “the same proportion of each age group has serious fears of darkness”? (Hint: The contingency table must account for all 1000 people.)

Age Group Elementary Jr. High Sr. High College Adult No. Who Fear Darkness 83 72 49 36 114

a. Solve using the p-value approach.

b. Solve using the classical approach.

644 CHAPTER 11 Applications of Chi-Square