14.17 [EX14-17] Part of the results from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study was a comparison of eighth-grade science achievement by nation from 1995, 1999, and 2003. The following table gives the average scores for the nations with all three years.

a. Construct a table showing the sign of the difference between the years 1995 and 1999 for each country.

b. Using 0.05, has there been a significant improvement in science scores?
Repeat parts a and b for the years 1999 and 2003.

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Nation 1995 1999 2003 Belgium-Flemish 533 535 516 Bulgaria 545 518 479 Cyprus 452 460 441 Hong Kong 510 530 556 Hungary 537 552 543 Iran, Islamic Republic of 463 448 453 Japan 554 550 552 Korea, Republic of 546 549 558 Latvian 476 503 513 Lithuania 464 488 519 Netherlands 541 545 536 New Zealand 511 510 520 Romania 471 472 470 Russian Federation 523 529 514 Singapore 580 568 578 Slovak Republic 532 535 517 United States 513 515 527