14.86 [EX14-86] U.S. commercial radio stations are classified by the primary format of their broadcasts.

As people change their listening preferences, the stations are likely to react to the change by adjusting their formats. The following table shows the percentages of radio stations in 1997, 2002, and 2004, broken down by their primary format:

a. Construct a table that shows the ranks of the relative frequency of stations within each format for 1997, 2002, and 2004.

b. Use the Spearman rank order correlation coefficient to test at the 0.01 level of significance the hypothesis that there is no correlation between the ranks of the formats offered by radio stations in 1997 and 2002, 1997 and 2004, and 2002 and 2004.

c. Has the distribution of primary formats changed? Describe how the results in part b support your answer.

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Primary Format Country 1997 2002 2004 24.26 20.18 19.22 Adult Contemporary (AC) 14.75 14.34 9.94 News, Talk, Business, Sports 12.73 14.73 20.36 Religion (Teaching and Music) 10.22 9.90 6.95 Rock 9.13 8.51 8.41 Oldies 7.30 7.70 7.66 Spanish and Ethnic 5.32 6.57 7.28 Adult Standards 5.20 5.29 4.80 Urban, Black, Urban AC 3.47 3.69 3.84 Top-40 3.40 4.47 4.67 Easy Listening 0.84 2.61 2.34 Variety 0.49 0.40 0.39 Jazz 0.48 0.78 0.84 Classical, Fine Arts 0.45 0.30 0.32 Preteen 0.35 0.47 0.54 All Other 1.61 0.06 2.43 Source: M Street Corporation, Nashville, TN