Injuries and Motorcycle Helmet Color A case-control (or retrospective) study was conducted to investigate a relationship between the colors of helmets worn by motorcycle drivers and whether they are injured or killed in a crash. Results are given in the table below (based on data from “Motorcycle Rider Conspicuity and Crash Related Injury: Case-Control Study,” by Wells et al., BMJ USA, Vol. 4). Test the claim that injuries are independent of helmet color. Should motorcycle drivers choose helmets with a particular color? If so, which color appears best?

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Black White Color of Helmet Yellow/Orange Redi Blue Controls (not injured) 491 377 31 170 55 Cases (injured or killed) 213 112 00 8 70 26