The Federal Railroad Administration provided the top five categories of violations for the CSX railroad for the years 1999–2003 in the following table. There were a total of 1897 violations.

The information was contained in the December 29, 2004, Democrat and Chronicle article titled “Rail cop lacks a ‘big stick’.”

Category Number Track safety 485 Train safety equipment 324 Employee work hours 323 Freight car safety 289 Locomotives 248 All others 228 Total 1897 If one violation is selected at random for review, what is the probability that the violation for CSX is due to the following:

a. Train safety equipment

b. Employee work hours

c. Freight car safety or track safety What if two violations were selected?

d. Would this be an example of sampling with or without replacement? Explain why.