Transformations of Data Example 1 illustrated the use of two-way ANOVA to analyze the sample data in Table 3.

How are the results affected in each of the following cases?

a. The same constant is added to each sample value.

b. Each sample value is multiplied by the same nonzero constant.

c. The format of the table is transposed so that the row and column factors are interchanged.

d. The first sample value in the first cell is changed so that it becomes an outlier.