When OPEC’s manipulation of oil supplies in the 1970s created an energy crisis, U.S. speed limits were reduced in an effort to reduce fuel consumption. Use the data in Table 10.7 to estimate this model of U.S. motor vehicle fuel usage, G = α + β1M+ β₂H + β₃S + ε, where G is gallons of fuel used per vehicle, M is miles traveled per vehicle, H is average horsepower, and S is average speed traveled (miles per hour).

Which of the estimated coefficients have plausible signs and are statistically significant at the 5 percent level?

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Table 10.7: Exercise 10.18 G M H S 1970 851.5 10,341 178.3 63.8 1971 863.4 10,496 183.5 64.7 1972 884.7 10,673 183.0 64.9 1973 879.1 10,414 183.2 65.0 1974 818.3 9,900 178.8 57.6 1975 820.2 10,008 178.7 57.6 1976 835.4 10,195 175.7 58.2 1977 839.9 10,372 175.7 58.8 1978 843.0 10,431 174.5 58.8 1979 804.3 10,072 175.3 58.3 1980 738.1 9,763 175.6 57.5