Review the survey questions that accompany the data file, and think about whether they represent nominal-, ordinal-, interval-, or ratio-level data. Open the SPSS data file, and look at the column titled “MEASURE.” For each variable, change the measure from “SCALE” to either “ORDINAL”

or “NOMINAL” if appropriate. Remember, interval- and ratio-level measures are designated by

“SCALE” in SPSS. String characters (such as responses to open-ended questions) by default are classified as “NOMINAL” data.