The degree of success at mastering a skill often depends on the method used to learn the skill. The article “Effects of Occluded Vision and Imagery on Putting Golf Balls” (Perceptual and Motor Skills [1995]: 179–186) reported on a study involving the following four learning methods: 

(1) Visual contact and imagery, 

(2) Nonvisual contact and imagery, 

(3) Visual contact, 

(4) Control.

There were 20 subjects randomly assigned to each method. The following summary information on putting performance score was reported:

a. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude the mean putting performance score is not the same for the four methods?

b. Calculate the 95% T–K intervals, and then use the underscoring procedure described in this section to identify significant differences among the learning methods.

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Method 1 X S 16.30 2.03 2 15.25 3.23 3 12.05 2.91 4 9.30 2.85 = 13.23