12. _____ avoids the costs of establishing manufacturing operations in the host country, which are often substantial,

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12. _____ avoids the costs of establishing manufacturing operations in the host country, which are often substantial, and may be consistent with scale economies and location economies.

a. Licensing

b. Exporting

c. Franchising

d. A joint venture

e. A wholly owned subsidiary

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Essentials Of Strategic Management

ISBN: 9780547194325

2nd Edition

Authors: Charles Hill, Gareth Jones

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