Suppose that a river rafting company starts a group on a social networking site for promoting rafting trips.

Graham, a 15-year-old high school student who wants to appear more grown-up than he actually is, posts a picture of a handsome 22-year-old male as a picture of himself. He also writes witty and clever comments on the site’s photos and claims to play the guitar and be an accomplished masseur. Suppose someone decided to go on a rafting trip, in part because of Graham’s postings, and was disappointed with the truth about Graham.

a. Are Graham’s actions ethical? Consider both the categorical imperative (pages 16-17) and utilitarian

(pages 42-43) perspectives.

b. According to either ethical perspective, does the rafting company have an ethical responsibility to refund the person’s fees?