a. Going public would tend to make attracting capital easier and to decrease flotation costs.

b. The increasing institutionalization of the "buy side" of the stock and bond markets should increase a firm's ability to attract capital and should reduce flotation costs.

c. Financial conglomerates can offer a variety of financial services and types of investments, thus it seems a company's ability to attract capital would increase and flotation costs would decrease.

d. Elimination of the preemptive right would likely not affect a large company where percentage ownership is not as important. Indeed, the trend today seems to be for companies to eliminate the preemptive right.

f. The introduction of shelf registration tended to speed up SEC review time and lower the costs of floating each new issue. Thus, the company's ability to attract new capital was increased.