Gamma Holding NV, a Dutch textile company, presented the following calculation of operating profit in its 2009 consolidated income statement:
€ X 1,000,000 2009
Net turnover 658.5
Change in finished products and work in progress (14.3)
Total operating income 644.2
Costs of raw materials and consumables (212.9)
Contracted work and other external costs (42.7)
Added value 388.6
Personnel costs (236.9)
Depreciation of property, plant, and equipment (29.4)
Impairment of property, plant, and equipment (7.4)
Amortization of intangible assets (4.2)
Impairment of intangible assets (18.5)
Other operating expenses (100.2)
Other income and expense 0.2
Total other operating expenses (396.4)
Operating result (7.8)
Required:
a. Determine whether finished products and work in progress inventory in total increased or decreased during the year.
b. Identify the additional information that would be needed to calculate cost of goods sold for the company in 2009.
c. Given the following assumptions with respect to the percentage of operating expenses related to manufacturing activities and nonmanufacturing activities, provide an estimate of cost of goods sold:

d. Give the estimated cost of goods sold from part (c), determine the company’s gross profit margin for 2009.