Assess the Effects of Managerial Actions on ROPI and Components In its 2016 10-K report, Kellogg discussed its cost-cutting initiative, ????r????????ect????????.

In November 2013, the Company announced a global four-year efficiency and effectiveness program

(Project K). The successful implementation of Project K presents significant organizational design and infrastructure challenges and in many cases will require successful negotiations with third parties, including labor organizations, suppliers, business partners, and other stakeholders. The program is expected to generate a significant amount of savings that may be invested in key strategic areas of focus for the business. We expect that this investment will drive future growth in revenues, gross margin, operating profit, and cash flow.

By undertaking these actions, the company hopes to improve its ROPI. Identify at least four specific ways that these actions can happen ????nd the direction of the effects from each on NOPAT and NOA.