A United Kingdombased financial analyst considers a Z-score model in evaluating two publicly traded non-manufacturing companies as

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A United Kingdom–based financial analyst considers a Z-score model in evaluating two publicly traded non-manufacturing companies as follows: 

Z-Score Model = 1.2 × A + 1.4 × B + 3.3 × C + 0.6 × D + 0.999 × E, where

A is Working Capital/Total Assets

B is Retained Earnings/Total Assets

C is EBIT/Total Assets

D is Market Value of Equity/Total Liabilities

E is Sales/Total Assets

Firms with a Z-score greater than 3.0 are considered financially sound, those scoring between 3.0 and 1.8 are at greater risk of financial distress, and those with a Z-score below 1.8 are likely to face insolvency.


Evaluate the most likely reasons for the difference in creditworthiness between the two firms based on the Z-score model factors.

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Fixed Income Analysis

ISBN: 9781119850540

5th Edition

Authors: Barbara S. Petitt

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