8.30 A 150-mm-diameter horizontal pipe discharges a 0.05 m3/s flow of water to the atmosphere through a smooth nozzle with a tip diameter of 75 mm diameter. The nozzle loss coefficient is 0.3.

Determine the pressure upstream of the nozzle and the head loss assuming

(a) the kinetic energy coefficients α are unity and

(b) the upstream value of the kinetic energy coefficient is 1.05 and the kinetic energy coefficient of the water in the jet is 1.01. Comment on whether the assumption that the kinetic energy coefficients are unity for turbulent flow is reasonable.