You are employed by Monarch Ltd which manufactures specialist hydraulic seals for the aircraft industry. The company has developed a new seal with the following budgeted data. Variable cost per unit £ Direct materials 8 Direct labour 4 Variable overheads 4 16 The draft budget for the following year is as follows. Production and sales 60,000 units £ Fixed cost: Production 260,000 Administration 90,000 Selling, marketing and distribution 100,000 Contribution 840,000 Certain departmental managers within the company believe there is room for improvement on the budgeted figures, and the following options have been suggested. (i) The sales manager has suggested that if the selling price was reduced by 10%, then an extra 30% units could be sold. The purchasing manager has indicated that if materials requirements were increased in line, then a materials price reduction of 6.25% could be negotiated. With this additional output, fixed production costs would increase by £30,000, administration by £5,000 and selling, marketing and distribution by £10,000. Other costs would remain unchanged. (ii) The export manager has suggested that if the company increased overseas marketing by £15,000 then exports would increase from 15,000 units to 17,000 units. With this suggestion, distribution costs would increase by £12,000, and all other costs would remain unchanged. (iii) The marketing manager has suggested that if an extra £40,000 were spent on advertising, then sales quantity would increase by 25%. The purchasing manager has indicated that in such circumstances, materials costs would reduce by £0.30 per unit. With this suggestion fixed production costs would increase by £25,000, administration by £4,000 and other selling, marketing and distribution costs by £7,000. All other costs would remain unchanged. (iv) The managing director believes the company should be aiming for a profit of £486,000. He asks what the selling price would be per unit if marketing were increased by £50,000, this leading to an estimated increase in sales quantity of 30%. Other fixed costs would increase by £67,000, whilst material prices would decrease by 6.25% per unit. All other costs would remain unchanged. Required:

(a) Taking each suggestion independently, compile a profit statement for options (/) to (/i/), showing clearly the contribution per unit in each case. For suggestion (iv), calculate the selling price per unit as requested by the managing director.

(b) Calculate the breakeven quantity in units if the managing director’s suggestion were implemented. Draw a contribution/sales graph to illustrate your calculations. Read from the graph the profit if 60,000 units were sold.

(c) Whilst marginal costing has a number of applications, it also has disadvantages. In a report to the managing director, outline the main applications of marginal costing and explain its disadvantages. (Reproduced with the kind permission of OCR —- University of Oxford Delegacy of Local Examinations: GCE A-level)