Indicate whether each of the following costs related to inventory, a through I, would be considered (1) a purchasing cost, (2) an ordering cost, (3) a carrying cost, or (4) a cost of not carrying inventory.

a. Approving and preparing electronic payment to supplier for merchandise ordered.

b. Cost of renting storage space for finished goods inventory.

c. Freight-in on merchandise purchased.

d. Inspection of goods received.

e. Overnight shipping charges to move inventory from supplier to customer for goods not on hand.

f. Insurance cost for finished goods warehouse.

g. Insurance cost on in-transit inventory purchased from a supplier.

h. Lost contribution margin on inventory purchased from a competitor due to a stockout.

i. Labor to process returns of defective goods received.

j. Losses from inventory damaged when moved within finished goods warehouse.

k. Supplier quantity discount lost by not purchasing merchandise inventory in bulk to hold until sale.

l. Opportunity cost of cash tied up in inventory.